词根词缀
al-：表示 the 的意思，是阿拉伯语里面的一个定冠词，单词有： alchemy（炼金术），alcohol（酒，酒精），alcove（凹室，壁龛），algebra（代数学），algorithm（算法），elixir（灵丹妙药）
gnos, gnosis, gnom, -gnomy：表示 know, knowledge 的意思，单词有：agnostic（不可知论者），diagnose（诊断），ignoramus（不学无术的人），prognosis（[医] 预后；预知），prognosticate（预言，预测），cognitive（认知的），cognizance（认识，获知到），incognito（隐姓埋名的）
-esque：表示 (forming adjectives) in the style of; resembling. 单词有：carnivalesque（过节式的），Japanesque（日式的），Romanesque（罗马式的），burlesque（滑稽戏），grotesque（奇形怪状的）
英语语法概念：proper noun
A proper noun is a noun directly associated with an entity and primarily used to refer to that entity, such as London, Jupiter, Sharon, or Microsoft, as distinguished from a common noun, which is a noun directly associated with a class of entities (city, planet, person, corporation) and primarily used to refer to instances of a specific class (a city, another planet, these persons, our corporation).
A distinction is normally made in current linguistics between proper nouns and proper names. By this strict distinction, because the term noun is used for a class of single words (tree, beauty), only single-word proper names are proper nouns: Peter and Africa are both proper names and proper nouns; but Peter the Great and South Africa, while they are proper names, are not proper nouns. The term common name is not much used to contrast with proper name, but some linguists have used the term for that purpose. Sometimes proper names are called simply names; but that term is often used more broadly. Words derived from proper names are sometimes called proper adjectives (or proper adverbs, and so on), but not in mainstream linguistic theory. Not every noun or noun phrase that refers to a unique entity is a proper name. Blackness and chastity are common nouns, even if blackness and chastity are considered unique abstract entities.
成为单词的人名：Mary Magdalene
Mary Magdalene, sometimes called simply the Magdalene, was a Jewish woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to his crucifixion, burial, and resurrection. She is mentioned by name twelve times in the canonical gospels, more than most of the apostles. Mary’s epithet Magdalene most likely means that she came from the town of Magdala, a fishing town on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.
The widespread artistic representations of Mary Magdalene in tears are the source of the modern English word maudlin, meaning “sickeningly sentimental or emotional”
maudlin：[‘mɔːdlɪn] adj.多愁善感的，易伤感的，易流泪的 n.伤感
修辞概念： euphemism
A euphemism is an innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant. Some euphemisms are intended to amuse, while others use bland, inoffensive terms for concepts that the user wishes to downplay. Euphemisms may be used to mask profanity or refer to taboo topics such as disability, sex, excretion, or death in a polite way.
