45. Newman, Strogatz, And Watts Implement Random-graph Model (2001)

Newman, Strogatz, and Watts develop a mathematical formalism for analyzing random graphs, which are good models for many real-world networks, such as epidemic spreading or social interactions. Their formalism applies to a more general class of graph compared with previous approaches and expands the types of problems that can be described with random-graph theory.

What is random graph models:

And what is small-world network: