音乐中的英语
David Bowie 在看了电影 2001: A Space Odyssey(《2001太空漫游》)之后创作了这首歌曲
oddity:古怪,怪异
Major:少校
make the grade:短语,表示「to succeed in doing something because you are good enough」
whose shirt you wear:俚语,表示「what a football team are you a fan of?」
if you dare:如果你敢冒险,dare 这个词很多都翻译成「胆敢」的意思,在中文语境下面有一种怯懦感,有时候用于激将,但是英文的这个词我感觉并没有这么明显的一层意思,英英的解释是「have the courage to do something」,所以可以理解成「敢冒险」
tin can:罐头,以前的食品罐头一般都是锡做的,所以称为 tin can
词根词缀
hyper-:表示 over, beyond, excessive 的意思,单词有 hypercritical(吹毛求疵的,苛评的),hyperbole(夸张法),hyperlink(超链接)
circu-, circum-:表示 around 的意思,单词有 circuitous(迂回的 环形的),circumspect(周全的 谨慎的),circumscribe(限制 约束),circumventing(绕过),circumlocution(迂回的说法),circumference(圆周长),circulate(循环 传播),circumstance(状况 形式),circuit(电路板)
noc-, nox-:表示 hurt poison 的意思,单词有 innocence(无罪 天真),obnoxious(可憎的),innoxious(无害的,无毒的),innocuous(无害的,无伤大雅的)
概念梳理:auto-antonym
An auto-antonym or autantonym, also called a contronym, contranym or Janus word, is a word with multiple meanings (senses) of which one is the reverse of another. For example, the word cleave can mean “to cut apart” or “to bind together”. This phenomenon is called enantiosemy, enantionymy or antilogy (enantio- means “opposite”).
auto-antonym 可以理解成「自反义词」或者「对义词」,是语言学中的一种有趣现象,这种现象称为 enantiosemy(对立词义)表示一个单词的两种不同意思存在相反的情况,维基百科中列举了一些:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-antonym
一篇研究的 论文:
Contronymy, a phenomenon which has received much attention in recent years, has often been described as sense opposition at the micro-level. By extending current theories on the different types of paradigmatic sense relations of exclusion and opposition (i.e. horizontal relations) which concentrate on issues of contrastive relations, five different types of contronyms can be distinguished, namely contronymy of incompatibility, contronymy of antonymy, contronymy of complementarity, contronymy of conversivity and contronymy of reversivity. This article provides an investigation of this unusual phenomenon by demonstrating each type together with relevant examples. Its lexicographic applications will also be discussed.
汉语中的「人家」就是一个 auto-antonym