词根词缀
some：表示 characterized by, tending to 的意思，单词有：cumbersome（沉重的，笨拙的），frolicsome（嬉戏的，欢乐的），fulsome（过度的，让人厌倦的），gruesome（恐怖的，毛骨悚然的），irksome（令人厌恶的），meddlesome（爱管闲事的，好干涉的），noisome（恶臭的，有害的），venturesome（大胆的，冒险的），winsome（惹人喜爱的）
-cy, -acy：表示 state of or quality of 的意思，构成名词的尾缀，单词有：conspiracy（阴谋），secrecy（秘密），efficacy（功效），legacy（遗物）
sub-：表示 under, below 的意思，The prefix sub- was a Latin preposition and prefix and occurs in English in Latin loanwords, such as subjugate . It is also used in the formation of English words such as subway and subgroup . It has multiple forms, as the ‘b’ sound in sub- assimilates to the initial sound of the base to which it is attached. See the assimilated forms suc-, suf-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, and su-. 单词有：supplant（代替，排挤），submerge（淹没）
英语语法概念：cognate
In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin. Cognates are often inherited from a shared parent language, but they may also involve borrowings from some other language. For example, the English words dish and desk and the German word Tisch (“table”) are cognates because they all come from Latin discus, which relates to their flat surfaces. Cognates may have evolved similar, different or even opposite meanings, but in most cases there are some similar sounds or letters in the words, in some cases appearing to be dissimilar. Some words sound similar, but don’t come from the same root; these are called false cognates.
成为单词的人名：Ops
In ancient Roman religion, Ops or Opis (Latin: “Plenty”) was a fertility deity and earth goddess of Sabine origin.
In Ops’ statues and coins, she is figured sitting down, as Chthonian deities normally are, and generally holds a scepter, or a corn spray and cornucopia. The husband of Ops was Saturn. In Roman mythology, and in Greek mythology where Ops is identified as Rhea, her husband was Cronus, the bountiful monarch of the golden age. Cronus was Rhea’s husband and brother.
The Latin word ops means “riches, goods, abundance, gifts, munificence, plenty”. The word is also related to opus, which means “work”, particularly in the sense of “working the earth, ploughing, sowing”. This activity was deemed sacred, and was often attended by religious rites intended to obtain the good will of chthonic deities such as Ops and Consus. Ops is also related to the Sanskrit word ápnas (“goods, property”).
opus：[ˈoʊpəs] n. 作品
opera： [‘ɑprə] n. 歌剧；歌剧院；歌剧团
operate： [‘ɑpə’ret] v. 运转，经营；动手术；起作用
opulence：[‘ɑpjələns] n.富裕，丰富
opulent：[‘ɒpjʊl(ə)nt] adj.丰富的，富裕的，大量的
修辞概念： Irony
Irony, in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event in which what appears, on the surface, to be the case, differs radically from what is actually the case.
Irony can be categorized into different types, including: verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony. Verbal, dramatic, and situational irony are often used for emphasis in the assertion of a truth. The ironic form of simile, used in sarcasm, and some forms of litotes can emphasize one’s meaning by the deliberate use of language which states the opposite of the truth, denies the contrary of the truth, or drastically and obviously understates a factual connection.
Socratic irony is “the dissimulation of ignorance practised by Socrates as a means of confuting an adversary”. Socrates would pretend to be ignorant of the topic under discussion, to draw out the inherent nonsense in the arguments of his interlocutors. The Chambers Dictionary defines it as “a means by which a questioner pretends to know less than a respondent, when actually he knows more”.
